What I Do, Where I Stand

½Åµ¿ÀÏ(Dongil "Jacob" Shin)Àº ½ÅÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇ, ´ÜÀϾð¾îÁÖÀÇ, Èı⼼°èÈ­ ½Ã´ë dzÁ¶¸¦ ÁÖ¸ñÇϸ鼭 (¼­¿ï°ú °°Àº µµ½Ã¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â) Çѱ¹ÀεéÀÌ '¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¾ð¾î'¸¦ ¹è¿ì°Å³ª »ç¿ëÇϸ鼭 ¹ß»ýÇÑ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â ÀÀ¿ë¾ð¾îÇÐÀÚÀÌ´Ù. Â÷º°Àû °æÇè, ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ °üÇà°ú °°Àº »çȸÀû ¿äÀÎÀÌ ¾ð¾î´É·Â, ¾ð¾î»ç¿ë, ¾ð¾î±³À°, ¾ð¾îÆò°¡ÀÇ Àǹ̿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô °³ÀÔÇÏ°í ¿Ö°îÇÏ´ÂÁö Ưº°ÇÑ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ð¾î, ¿µ¾î, Çѱ¹¾î¸¦ µÑ·¯½Ñ ¹®Á¦Àû »óȲÀ» °³º°ÀûÀÎ °áÇ̸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ »çȸ±¸Á¶¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ´Ù¾çÇÑ °üÁ¡À¸·Î ÀÌÇØÇÑ´Ù.

¾ð¾î/»çȸ, ´ãÈ­/´ã·Ð, ¾ð¾îÆò°¡/Á¤Ã¥/±³À°, ¾ð¾î±Ç¸®/Á¤Ã¼¼º¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿¡ ÀÚÀ¯, »ç¶û, ´Ù¾ç¼º, Ⱦ´Ü, µµ½Ã°ø°£, »ýÅÂ, ½Ç¿ë µîÀÇ °¡Ä¡¸¦ º¸Å°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¿¬±¸/±³À°È°µ¿À» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

(1) ¾ð¾î´É·Â/¹ß´ÞÀ» Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â ÇöÀå¿¡¼­ °³¹ß, ½ÃÇà, Å¸´çÈ­,  Æò°¡Á¤Ã¥À» ¿¬±¸Çϰųª ½ÃÇ蹮ȭ¿¡ °üÇÑ Æò·Ð È°µ¿À» ÇÑ´Ù. (ÃÊ)±¹°¡ ´ÜÀ§ÀÇ °íºÎ´ã ¾ð¾îÆò°¡ÀÇ »çȸÀû ¿µÇâ·Â°ú °¡Ä¡ ¹®Á¦¸¦ Ưº°È÷ ÁÖ¸ñÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

(2) ´ãÈ­(discourse), ´ã·Ð(discourse)ÀÇ ±¸Á¶, ½Çõ(practice)°ú °üÇà(practice)ÀÇ ¼Ó¼ºÀ» ´Ù¸éÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬±¸ÇÑ´Ù. ¾ð¾î¿Í »çȸ, ÅؽºÆ®¿Í ÄÜÅؽºÆ®, ¹Ì½ÃÀû ¾ð¾îÀåÄ¡¿Í °Å½ÃÀû ±Ç·Â±¸Á¶¸¦ ¸Å°³ÇÏ´Â  ´ãÈ­/´ã·ÐÀº ÇüÅÂ/±¸Á¶, ±â´É/»ç¿ë, »çȸÀû °üÇà/½Çõ µî ´Ù¾çÇÑ (Á¶ÇÕÀÇ) ºÐ¼®ÀÌ ¸ðµÎ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. 

(3) ¾ð¾î ÅëÄ¡¼º(language governmentality), ¾ð¾î À̵¥¿Ã·Î±â¿Í ÁÖü¼º¿¡ °üÇØ Å½»öÇÑ´Ù. ÈıⱸÁ¶ÁÖÀÇ »çÀ¯Ã¼Á¦·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ð¾î»ç¿ë°ú (ÇнÀÀÚ/¼öÇèÀÚ) Á¤Ã¼¼ºÀÇ °ü°è¼º¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Áø ÆíÀ̾úÁö¸¸ ÃÖ±Ù¿£ Èı⼼°èÈ­, ½ÅÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿¡ ¸í½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î µå·¯³ª°í Àִ ¾ð¾îÅëÄ¡¼ºÀ» Çб³ ¹Û ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¹®È­°ø°£¿¡¼­ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

(4) °æÁ¦ÁÖÀÇ, ÇÕ¸®ÁÖÀÇ, ±â¼ú¸¸´ÉÁÖÀÇ, ´ÜÀϾð¾îÁÖÀÇ, ¾ð¾î°áÁ¤ÁÖÀÇ µî¿¡ Æ÷ȹµÈ ¾ð¾î(Æò°¡)Á¤Ã¥/°èȹ, ¾ð¾îÀ§»ýÈ­(¸ÆÄ¿¹Â´ÏÄÉÀ̼Ç) ¹®È­¸¦ Ž»öÇÑ´Ù. ¸µ±¸¾Æ ÇÁ¶ûÄ«(Á¢ÃË), Æ®·£½º¸µ±¸¾ó(Ⱦ´Ü), ¸ÞÆ®·Î¸µ±¸¾ó(µµ½Ã), ÀÌÄÝ·ÎÁö ¾ð¾îȯ°æ(»ýÅÂ), ¾ð¾îº¹Áö, (ÄÚ½º¸ðÆú¸®Åº/µð¾Æ½ºÆ÷¶ó) ¾ð¾î±Ç¸® µîÀÇ ¹®ÇåÀ» Á¶ÇÕÇÏ¿© ¾ð¾î¸¦ ÀÚ¿øÀ¸·Î º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´ëÇ×/´ë¾È ´ã·ÐÀ» ±¸ÃàÇÏ´Â ÁßÀÌ´Ù. 

(5) ¼­»ç(³»·¯Æ¼ºê), ȤÀº ½ºÅ丮ÅÚ¸µÀ» ¾ð¾î´É¼÷µµ, Æä´Ù°íÁö, ¿¬±¸ÅؽºÆ®, (µðÁöÅÐ) ÄÜÅÙÃ÷, »çȸÀû ½Çõ, »ç°í¹æ½Ä, ¼¼°è°üÀ̳ª ¹®È­°è½ÂÀÇ ¾ç½ÄÀ¸·Î ¿¬±¸Çϸç, Çб³, ±â¾÷  µî ¿©·¯ ÇöÀå¿¡¼­ ½ºÅ丮ÅÚ¸µ ±â¹ÝÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ±³À°°úÁ¤À» °³¹ßÇÑ´Ù.

¾ð¾î¸¦ °ü³ä, ¼ø¼ö, Á߸³, ´ÜÀÏÀÇ º¸ÆíÀû ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·Î º¸Áö ¾Ê°í, ½ÇõÀûÀÌ°í »çȸÁ¤Ä¡ÀûÀ̸ç Æ¯Á¤ °ø°£À̳ª »ýÅÂ/°ü°èÀû »ê¹°·Î ÀνÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ð¾î¸¦ ¿¬±¸ÇÒ ¶§ »ý¸í, ÀÚ¿ø, »ýÈ°ÀÇ ¼Ó¼º ȤÀº ¸ÞŸÆ÷¿¡ ÁÖ¸ñÇÑ´Ù. ¾ð¾î´Â ¸Æ¶ô¿¡ µÑ·¯½ÎÀÎ (½Åºñ·Î¿î) ´ë»óµµ ¾Æ´Ï°í Á¤º¹ÇÏ°í ȹµæÇÏ´Â ¹«±âµµ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¾ð¾î´Â ¸Æ¶ô ±× ÀÚüÀÌ¸ç ¸ðµç ±âÈ£ÀÇ ÃÑÇÕÀÌ¸ç ¿ì¸®µé°ú ÇÔ²² »ì¾Æ°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¸ð¾î°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¾ð¾î¸¦ °¡¸£Ä¡°í ¹è¿ì´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¹ÚÁ¦È­µÈ (¿ø¾î¹Î) ¾ð¾î¸¦ ¿Ü¿ö¼­ ¸¶À½ ¼Ó¿¡ ÀúÀå½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇÔÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç »ì¾Æ ÀÖ°í ½ÇõÇϴ ¾ð¾î¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¼¼»óÀ» ¸¸³ª°í °ü°è¸¦ ¸¸µé±â À§ÇÔÀÌ´Ù. ¿µ¾î¸¦ 10³â °øºÎÇߴµ¥µµ (Çпø°ú Çб³¼±»ý´Ô ¸»°í) ¿µ¾î·Î ¾î´À ´©±¸µµ ¸¸³ª°í ÀÖÁö ¸øÇÏ°í Àִٸ頿©ÀüÈ÷ ÀÔ·Â-Á¤º¸Ã³¸®-ÀúÀå-Ãâ·ÂÀÇ Äڵ常 °øºÎÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¼ÀÀÌ´Ù.

ºñÆÇ/½ÇõÀû ¾ð¾î/´ã·Ð ÀÌ·Ð, ÈıⱸÁ¶ÁÖÀÇ, ³»·¯Æ¼ºêŽ±¸, ½ºÅ丮ÅÚ¸µ, ±¸¼úÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅë, ÀûÁ¤±³À°, ´É¼÷µµ ¸ðÇü, Á¦2¾ð¾î ÇнÀÀÚ, ½ÃÇèÁغñ, (Á¶±â)À¯Çлý, ´ÙÁß¾ð¾î »ç¿ëÀÚ, (ÀÌÁÖ¹ÎÀÇ) ½Ã¹Î±Ç µî¿¡ °üÇÑ ÇÐÁ¦°£ ¿¬±¸¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù.

ȹÀÏÀûÀÌ°í Áö¹èÀûÀΠ°íºÎ´ã(high-stakes) ¾ð¾î½ÃÇèÀÇ ÁýÇà, Ç¥ÁؽÃÇè Áغñ(teach-to-the Test) ¾ð¾î/ÇнÀ, ¾ð¾î¿¡ °üÇÑ ¼ø¼öÁÖÀdzª ¾ð¾î°áÁ¤ÁÖÀÇ, ¿ø¾î¹Î Áß½ÉÁÖÀÇ, ½ÃÀ常´ÉÁÖÀÇ, ±â¼úÁö¹èÁÖÀÇ, ÀüüÁÖÀÇ, ±ÇÀ§ÁÖÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀÇ ¾ð¾îÁ¤Ã¥/°èȹ¾ÈÀ» ¹Ý´ëÇÑ´Ù. ¸µ±¸¾Æ ÇÁ¶ûÄ«³ª Æ®·£½º¸µ±¸¾ó ³íÁ¡, ¼¼°è½Ã¹ÎÁÖÀÇ, ´ÙÁßÀû ¾ð¾îÀÚ¿ø¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹è·Á¿Í »çȸÀû ¹èÄ¡, ¾ð¾îÁ¤Ã¼¼º±³À°°ú ½ºÅ丮ÅÚ¸µ±³À°, ¾ð¾îÆò°¡Áö½Ä ±³À°, ºñÆÇÀû ¸®ÅÍ·¯½Ã±³À°, À¯Çлý/ÀÌÁÖ¹Î/¼Ò¼öÀÚÀÇ ¾ð¾î±Ç¸® ¿îµ¿, Ư¼ö¸ñÀûÇü/Áö¿ªÈ­µÈ ¾ð¾î½ÃÇè, ÀûÁ¤¾ð¾î/±³À° ÇÁ·Î±×·¥, ´Ù¼öÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯/°³ÀÎÁÖÀÇ Ä·ÆäÀÎÀ» ÁöÁöÇÑ´Ù.

¹Ì±¹ Àϸ®³ëÀÌ ´ëÇб³¿¡¼­ 1999³â 10¿ù¿¡ ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§¸¦ ÃëµæÇß´Ù. 2000³â 3¿ùºÎÅÍ ¼÷¸í¿©ÀÚ´ëÇб³ ¿µ¾î¿µ¹®Çаú ±³¼ö·Î ÀçÁ÷Çß°í 2005³â 3¿ùºÎÅÍ´Â Áß¾Ó´ëÇб³ ¿µ¾î¿µ¹®Çаú ±³¼ö·Î ÀçÁ÷ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 2000³âºÎÅÍ 10¿©³â µ¿¾È Çб³ ¾ÈÆÆ¿¡¼­ ÁÖ·Î 'English Language Assessment', 'Oral Language Proficiency' ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ¿¬±¸/ÀÚ¹® È°µ¿¿¡ Âü¿©Çß°í ±¹°¡±â°üÀ̳ª ±â¾÷ µî ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÇöÀå¿¡¼­ ¿µ¾î´É·ÂÆò°¡ ±âȹ°ú ¼³°è, äÁ¡ÀÚ ±³À°ÀÚ¿Í Ã¤Á¡ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ °³¹ßÀÚ, ¸»ÇϱâÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅëÀ̳ª ½ºÅ丮ÅÚ¸µ °ü·Ã ÄÜÅÙÃ÷ °³¹ßÀÚ·Î È°µ¿Çß´Ù. ´ëÈ­, ÀÎÅͺä, ½ºÅ丮ÅÚ¸µ, ¹ßÇ¥, Åä·Ð ÀڷḦ ¿©·¯ ÇöÀå¿¡¼­ ¼öÁýÇÏ¿© Çѱ¹ÀÎÀÇ ´ãÈ­ Àü·«, °ÅÁþÀ¯Ã¢¼º, ¹®½Ä·Â(literacy)µµ Áø´ÜÇß´Ù.

À̶§ºÎÅÍ ±³¼ö·Î¼­ ÀÌ¹Ì ÃæºÐÈ÷ »çȸÀû Ư±ÇÀ» ´©·È´Ù°í »ý°¢Çϱ⿡ °ø°øÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» À§ÇØ ÀÏÇÏ´Â ±â°üÀ̳ª ´Üü ȤÀº ¼Ò¿ÜµÈ »çȸ°èÃþÀ» ¹«·á·Î µ½´Â ÇÁ·Îº¸³ë °³ÀÎ È°µ¿¿¡ ½Ã°£À» º¸³»°íÀÚ ÇßÀ¸¸ç ¼öÀÍÇü ¸ðÇü¿¡ ÈֵѷÁ °¡Àå ³ôÀº °¡°ÝÀ» ºÒ·¯ÁÖ´Â ÀÔÂûÀÚ¿¡°Ô ±³À°Àû ½Å³äÀ» ¼û±â´Â Àå»ç²Û ±³¼ö·Î ÀÏÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê°Ú´Ù°í ´ÙÁüÇß´Ù. ¾È½Ä³âÀÎ 2010³âÀ» ±âÁ¡À¸·Î º»°ÝÀûÀ¸·Î Àι®ÇÐÀû ÈƷÿ¡ ±â¹ÝÀ» µÐ ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ ±Û¾²±âÈ°µ¿, ¾ð¾î-Æò°¡-Á¤Ã¥/°èȹÀÇ »çȸ¹®È­Àû ´Ü¸é°ú °°Àº ƯÁ¤ ºÐ¾ß¸¦ ±í°Ô Ž±¸ÇÏ´Â °¢·Ð¿¬±¸, ¾Í°ú »îÀÌ ºÐ¸®µÇÁö ¾Ê°í Çö½Ç ¹ÐÂøÀûÀÎ Áö½ÄÀ» »ý»êÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Çй®È°µ¿À» ÁغñÇß´Ù.

ÇöÀç Áö½Ä È°µ¿ÀÇ ¿Ü¿¬À» ³ÐÇô¼­ ¾ð¾î(ÇнÀ)ÀÇ Å×Å©³î·ÎÁöÈ­, ½ÃÀå°ú °ø¸®Àû °¡Ä¡¿¡ Àá½ÄµÈ ¾ð¾î(±³À°Æò°¡)Á¤Ã¥, °³Ã¼È­µÈ ¼öÇèÀÚ¿Í È¹ÀÏÈ­µÈ ½ÃÇèÁغñ ¹®È­, ¾ð¾î½ÃÇè/Á¤Ã¥ÀÇ ¿À¿ë°ú ȾÆ÷, À§Çè½Ã´ëÀÇ ¾ð¾îÁ¤Ã¼¼º µî¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÜÇົÀ» ÁýÇÊÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. °³ÀÎÀÇ »îÀ̳ª »çȸ¸¦ ¹«±â·ÂÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ÀüüÁÖÀÇÀû/ºñÀΰÝÀûÀÎ ÈûÀÇ ±Ùº»À» ÀÚÀ¯¿Í »ç¶û, ±Ç¸®¿Í Á¸¾ö¼º ÇнÀÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼ºÂûÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¼­±¸ÀÇ ±Ù´ë»ç, ±âµ¶¼¼°è°ü, µð¾Æ½ºÆ÷¶ó, ½ºÅ丮ÅÚ¸µ µîÀÇ ÇÐÁ¦Àû ÁÖÁ¦µµ Ž»öÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Çѱ¹¾î-¿µ¾î-¹®¾î-Çмú/Çб³¾ð¾î¿¡ ¹­ÀÌÁö ¾Ê±â À§ÇØ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¸Åü¿¡¼­ ±Û¾²±â³ª ¸»°É±â¸¦ ½ÃµµÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¸ö, ±×¸², ¿Ü±¹¾î¿Í °°Àº ±âÈ£¸¦ ¸ÅÀÏ ´Ù¸£°Ô ÀÍÈ÷¸é¼­ º¸´Ù ¿ªµ¿ÀûÀΠ¾ð¾îÇÐÀû ·¹ÆÄÅ丮·Î ¼¼»ó°ú ¼ÒÅëÇϱ⸦ Èñ¸ÁÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿¬±¸ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ 130¿©ÆíÀÌ ³Ñ´Â ³í¹®À» ±¹³»¿Ü ÇмúÁö¿¡ °ÔÀçÇßÀ¸¸ç 'Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¿µ¾îÆò°¡ÇÐ' ½Ã¸®Áî , 'Now Storytelling', '½ÃÇèÀÇ ±Ç·Â', 'Á¢ÃËÀÇ ¾ð¾îÇÐ', '¾Þ¹«»õ »ì¸®±â' µîÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ´ÜÇົ 10¿©±ÇÀ» Àú¼ú ȤÀº ¹ø¿ªÇß°í ±× Áß ¸î ÆíÀº ¹®È­°ü±¤ºÎ¿Í ´ëÇѹα¹Çмú¿øÀÇ ¿ì¼öÇмúµµ¼­·Î ¼±Á¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±¹³»¿Ü ¿©·¯ Çмú´Üü, ±â¾÷, Á¤ºÎ±â°ü¿¡¼­ ±¹Á¦Çù·Â, ÆíÁý, ±âȹ, À繫, Ãѹ«, °³¹ß, ÀÚ¹®, °¨»ç µîÀÇ ¾÷¹«¸¦ ¸Ã¾Ò´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, ºñ¿µ¸®¹ýÀÎ ACTFL(American Council on Teaching of Foreign Languages) Çѱ¹À§¿øȸ¸¦ ¼³¸³ÇÏ¿© À§¿øÀåÀ¸·Î È°µ¿Çϰųª, '½Åµ¿ÀÏ¿¬±¸¼Ò'¸¦ â¾÷ÇÏ¿© ±³À°Æò°¡ ÄÜÅÙÃ÷¸¦ Á÷Á¢ Á¦ÀÛÇϱ⵵ Çß´Ù. ±³À°ºÎ°¡ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â BK21 PLUS ½ºÅ丮ÅÚ¸µ »ç¾÷´ÜÀåÀ» ¸Ã±âµµ Çß´Ù.


How I am aging

'Getting personal' (interviewed & summarized in 2010)

I am Professor of Applied Linguistics in the Department of English Language and Literature, Chung-Ang University, Korea. I have researched language testing (policies), (critical) discourse analysis, and language ideologies and subjectivities, mostly in Korean contexts. I try to explore critical discursive approaches to language testing in newly emerging multilingual (Korean) societies.

I had studied at Chung-Ang University (BA, 1990), Iowa State University (MA, 1995), and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (Ph.D., 1999). In the beginning of my professional career, I had mostly worked as a researcher in the field of language testing. I was trained as a testing professional, interviewer, and rater in ISLPR (International Scale of Language Proficiency Rating, Grinffith University, Australia), ELT and Assessment International Seminar (British Council, UK), Cambridge ESOL YLE (Young Learners of English) Examiner, ACTFL-OPI (American Council of Teachers of Foreign Languages), and more institutes: It totals more than 200 hours of professional training. I have directed many projects of language test development, have served on the related committees and academic associations, such as the chairperson of ACTFL Korea Committee. (To be completed later)